Eye Diseases

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure). Left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss. Symptoms may include:

• Blurred vision
• Eye pain or redness
• Halos around lights
• Gradual loss of peripheral vision

Treatment options include prescription eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery to lower eye pressure and protect your vision.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults over 50. AMD affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. There are two forms of AMD:

• Dry AMD: The most common type, characterized by the buildup of deposits (drusen) under the retina, causing gradual vision loss.
• Wet AMD: A more severe form where abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina, leaking fluid and damaging the macula.

There is no cure for dry AMD, but lifestyle changes and eye care can slow its progression. Treatment for wet AMD may include injections or laser surgery.

People with diabetes are at higher risk for eye diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, where high blood sugar levels damage blood vessels in the retina. Symptoms may include:

• Blurred or fluctuating vision, as blood sugar levels fluctuate
• Floaters or dark spots
• Loss of central vision

Early detection is key. Treatments such as laser therapy or injections can prevent further vision loss. Annual diabetic eye exams are essential for monitoring and protecting vision.

High blood pressure can damage the delicate blood vessels in the retina, leading to hypertensive retinopathy. Left untreated, this condition can cause bleeding in the retina, blurred vision, and even permanent vision loss. Regular eye exams can help detect this condition early, allowing for better management of both your eye and overall health.

Keratoconus is a progressive condition where the cornea thins and bulges into a cone shape, causing distorted vision. In early stages, glasses or contact lenses can help. Advanced cases may require specialized contact lenses or corneal treatments such as cross-linking or surgery.

Systemic diseases such as thyroid conditions, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis can significantly impact your eye health. Common complications include:

• Thyroid Eye Disease: Can cause bulging eyes, double vision, or even optic nerve damage.
• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can cause inflammation of the eyes, leading to dry eye or uveitis.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Can lead to optic neuritis, where the optic nerve becomes inflamed, causing blurred vision or temporary vision loss.

Regular eye exams are crucial in detecting and managing these complications early to prevent long-term damage.

Many eye diseases develop without noticeable symptoms until they reach more advanced stages, making regular eye exams crucial. Early diagnosis and intervention can help prevent permanent vision loss and maintain your quality of life.